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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

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Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Comparative plastome analysis reveals evolutionary dynamics and codon usage patterns in Bidens (Asteraceae).

Ying Xue1, Shaowei Qin1, Zhangchen Xianyu1

  • 1School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastome evolution in Bidens shows conserved structure but active sequence changes driven by natural selection, revealing adaptive evolution in key genes. This study offers insights into rapid diversification in angiosperms.

Keywords:
BidensCodon usage biasComparative genomicsEvolutionary analysisPhylogenetic relationshipsPlastomeSimple sequence repeats

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Phylogenomics

Background:

  • Plastome evolution in diverse angiosperms is not fully understood, especially codon usage bias (CUB) drivers and adaptive evolution.
  • The genus Bidens (Asteraceae) is a diverse group with significant economic and medicinal value, making it a key model for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plastome evolution in Bidens by analyzing genome structure, SSRs, CUB, and selection pressures.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving CUB and adaptive evolution within this species-rich genus.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled the complete plastome of Bidens alba and performed comparative analyses across 31 Bidens species.
  • Utilized phylogenomic reconstruction, structural characterization, SSR analysis, Ka/Ks ratios, and CUB assessment.

Main Results:

  • Bidens plastomes are structurally conserved with AT bias and mononucleotide SSRs.
  • Natural selection drives CUB, with most genes under purifying selection, but ycf2 and accD show adaptive evolution.
  • Phylogenomic analysis confirms Bidens monophyly and resolves species relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Bidens plastomes exhibit remarkable structural conservation alongside active sequence evolution.
  • These findings illuminate plastome evolutionary mechanisms in rapidly diversifying lineages and provide a genomic basis for understanding adaptation and phylogeny in Bidens.