Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Adjusting a Traverse

Adjusting a Traverse

In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of combined high-intensity inspiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Same author

Urinary and vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional online survey of Greek women.

Maturitas·2026

Same author

Reference Values for Standing Balance in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association·2026

Same author

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head Following Posterior Hip Dislocation in an Adolescent.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same author

Reply to Schouten et al. Comment on "Bilika et al. Applying Nociplastic Pain Criteria in Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Vignette Study. <i>J. Clin. Med.</i> 2025, <i>14</i>, 1179".

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Double Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sign.

Reports (MDPI)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Toe Walking Tool.

Eleni Skarmoutsou¹, Theofani Bania², Eleni Potamiti³

¹*First EPAL of Peristeri, Athens, Greece.

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

|August 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Greek version of the Toe Walking Tool is now available for assessing children with idiopathic toe walking. This validated tool demonstrates high reliability for clinical use in Greece.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: March 24, 2023

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: March 24, 2023

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Pediatric physiotherapy
Clinical assessment tools
Child development

Background:

Idiopathic toe walking requires expert evaluation.
A validated tool for assessing toe walking is needed in Greece.
The Toe Walking Tool aids in identifying children needing further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Toe Walking Tool into Greek.
To establish the reliability and clinical applicability of the Greek version.

Main Methods:

The Toe Walking Tool was translated by five pediatric physiotherapists.
15 children with toe walking were video-recorded performing the tool's tasks.
Seven pediatric physiotherapists evaluated the children using video recordings and parent history.
Data were analyzed using Fleiss κ, percentage agreement, and χ2 tests.

Main Results:

The Greek Toe Walking Tool is clinically applicable and user-friendly.
Substantial intrarater reliability was found (Fleiss κ = 0.73).
High interrater agreement (86%-100%) and no significant statistical differences between raters were observed.

Conclusions:

The Greek version of the Toe Walking Tool shows adequate interrater reliability.
This validated tool can be used to identify Greek children who may need further assessment for toe walking.