Oxidative-Inflammatory Crosstalk and Multi-Target Natural Agents: Decoding Diabetic Vascular Complications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Pharmacology
• Diabetology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health crisis with rising prevalence.
• Chronic hyperglycemia leads to severe complications, particularly diabetic vascular lesions.
• Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of these vascular pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the pathological pathways driving diabetic vascular lesions.
• To explore the multi-target therapeutic potential of natural products in managing DM complications.
• To identify challenges in the clinical translation of natural products.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature on diabetic vascular disease mechanisms.
• Analysis of pathological pathways including metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and epigenetics.
• Evaluation of natural products' multi-target synergistic effects versus single-target synthetic drugs.

Main Results:

• Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation synergistically drive diabetic vascular lesions.
• Multiple pathways (metabolic, mitochondrial, ER, epigenetic) converge to promote these pathologies.
• Natural products demonstrate multi-target effects, restoring redox balance and suppressing inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Natural products offer a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic vascular disease due to their multi-target action.
• They can improve vascular function and delay disease progression by modulating key pathogenic networks.
• Rigorous mechanistic studies and validation are crucial for successful clinical translation of natural products.