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This study explores dynamical phase transitions in systems with competing order parameters using ultrafast laser pulses. It reveals enhanced order parameters and metastable states, explaining phenomena in superconductors and cosmology.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics
  • Cosmological Models

Background:

  • Dynamical phase transitions are crucial for understanding systems driven far from equilibrium.
  • Coexisting competing order parameters present complex behaviors under external stimuli.
  • Ultrafast laser pulses offer a powerful tool to probe nonequilibrium dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dynamical phase transition in systems with two competing order parameters.
  • Analyze the impact of ultrafast laser-induced dynamics on these systems.
  • Interpret experimental results on superconductors and explore broader applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the time-dependent-Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) framework.
  • Employed analytical and numerical studies to examine system dynamics.
  • Investigated the role of order parameter fluctuations on the free energy landscape.

Main Results:

  • Observed a remarkable enhancement of the order parameter with a smaller mean-field value post-laser pulse.
  • Identified the emergence of an induced metastable state.
  • Revealed the significant impact of thermal and nonthermal fluctuations on metastable state dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a framework for understanding ultrafast phenomena in systems with competing orders.
  • Offers an interpretation for unexplained experimental findings in superconductors with charge density waves.
  • The developed formalism is applicable to diverse out-of-equilibrium systems, including cosmological models like Kibble-Zurek.