GLP-1 and GIP: Magic bullet for musculoskeletal diseases?

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are prevalent health problems that have a chronic course and are closely related to metabolic disorders. Several incretins, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to food intake. In animal experiments, more and more evidence showed that there's a potential connection between GLP-1/GIP and musculoskeletal system cells (such as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts). As the GLP-1/GIP analogs have obtained global application as slimming magic bullet, it is of interest to further explore whether they are also magic bullet for MSDs apart from merely focusing on its weight-losing effect.

To help figure out whether GLP-1/GIP is beneficial for musculoskeletal system, this review summarizes the effects of GLP-1 and GIP on musculoskeletal cells and their probable mechanisms. Current results concerning the effects of GLP-1 and GIP in rodent experiments and clinical studies related to the musculoskeletal system are also summarized. Future research should prioritize confirming experimental results through clinical trials, address previous research gaps, and focus on the long-term impact of GLP-1 and GIP.

GLP-1 and GIP may exert protective effect on musculoskeletal cells through multiple pathways besides weight management and glucose control. Further clinical studies are needed to verify these findings. As the GLP-1/GIP analog going viral, it is of huge significance to explore the clinical value of this drug in treating MSDs.