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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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CD99-mediated immunological synapse formation potentiates CAR-T cell function.

Giri Nam1,2, Hye Ran Yeon3,4,5, Hyung Bae Park1,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.

Nature Communications
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enhancing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy involves improving immunological synapse (IS) stabilization. Incorporating CD99 domains into CAR structures boosts T cell efficacy against lymphoma.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promise for hematological malignancies.
  • Further optimization of CAR-T cell design is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD99 in T cell immunological synapse (IS) formation.
  • To explore the potential of incorporating CD99 into CAR structures to enhance T cell function and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated CD99's role in T cell IS formation by studying actin-microtubule interactions.
  • Assessed the impact of CD99 deficiency on T cell immunity in vivo.
  • Engineered CAR-T cells with CD99 transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains.
  • Evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of modified CAR-T cells against lymphoma in immune-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • CD99 is crucial for IS formation by mediating actin-microtubule interactions.
  • CD99 deficiency impairs IS formation and in vivo T cell immunity.
  • Incorporating CD99 domains into CAR structures enhances IS formation.
  • Modified CAR-T cells demonstrate improved therapeutic efficacy against lymphoma.

Conclusions:

  • CD99 plays a vital role in T cell IS stabilization.
  • CD99-mediated IS stabilization presents a promising strategy for improving CAR-T cell design and efficacy in cancer therapy.