Perspectives of adults aged 55+ on plant-based diets rich in protein

An increased protein intake is required during aging to preserve muscle mass. A predominantly plant-based diet is beneficial for the climate and may lower the risk of certain non-communicable diseases, but could also lead to protein below recommendations. This study seeks to elucidate facilitators and barriers in adults aged 55+ adopting a diet that is both predominantly plant-based and provides sufficient protein to preserve muscle mass. Three focus groups were conducted with 30 Dutch adults, aged 55-74 years. The focus groups explored participants' views on protein-rich, (predominantly) plant-based diets. Participants discussed a range of topics, including perceptions of protein needs, attitudes toward plant-based foods, social influences, and practical considerations such as taste, cost, and habits. Three researchers independently thematically analysed the data and facilitators and barriers were mapped to the Capability (C), Opportunity (O), Motivation (M) - Behaviour (B) model. Health effects (M) and taste (M) were both the most dominant facilitators and barriers regarding transition towards a more plant-based, protein-rich diet. Knowledge (C) and social influences (O) were important factors that influence dietary choices regarding the other COM-B model components. Environmental benefits (M) and animal welfare (M) were mentioned as additional benefits rather than as main facilitator. Participants expressed a clear need for enhanced knowledge and tools about the health and environmental benefits of plant-based, protein-rich diets. Improving taste and highlighting health benefits are key to fostering positive attitudes and encouraging the adoption of protein-rich, plant-based diets among adults aged 55+.