Downbeat Nystagmus: Case Report, Updated Review, Therapeutics, and Neurorehabilitation

Introduction: Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is an ocular motor disorder characterized by persistent to-and-fro eye movements with a slow phase directed upwards and a corrective fast phase downwards. DBN in the context of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorder (MOGAD) represents a rare clinical presentation. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male with MOGAD presented with DBN, status epilepticus, and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Intervention: The clinical course, diagnostic findings, and management approach are described in detail within the full report. Outcomes: The patient at follow-up was able to ambulate independently, and his nystagmus had improved. He continued to demonstrate transient DBN on supine positioning and head-shaking test. Conclusions: This case report contributes to the understanding of DBN as a manifestation of MOGAD. The accompanying literature review examines the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and emerging therapeutic approaches for DBN, providing context for this unusual presentation.