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Time Perspective and Health Behaviors in Chronic Disease Patients: A Chain Mediation Model of Illness Perception via
Xiaorong Lang1, Sufang Huang2, Yaru Xiao2
1Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Abstract:
(1) The formation pathways and underlying mechanisms of health behaviors among young and middle-aged adults with chronic diseases under a temporal perspective remain underexplored. Based on Temporal Self-Regulation Theory and its subsequent extensions, this study aimed to investigate the time perspective among Chinese young and middle-aged adults with chronic diseases and analyzed the relationships between time perspective, illness perception, health behavior motivation, and health behaviors, thereby providing valuable empirical evidence for health behavior modification in this population. (2) This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to April 2025. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among the variables. (3) This study enrolled a total of 391 participants with high levels of future and past-positive perspectives. Time perspective, directly related to health behaviors, namely past-negative, present-impulsive, and present-fatalistic perspectives, exerted negative associations with health behaviors, respectively, whereas future and past-positive perspectives showed positive associations with health behavior. Analysis of the mediating effect found that illness perception served as a mediator between the time perspective of past-negative, present-impulsive, and present-fatalistic perspectives, and health behaviors. And health behavior motivation acted as a mediator in the relationship between past-negative, present-impulsive, and past-positive perspectives, and health behaviors. Furthermore, illness perception and health behavior motivation formed a chain mediation pathway between time perspective and health behaviors. (4) Time perspective was associated with health behaviors, not only exerting directed effects but also manifesting a double-edged sword effect through illness perception and health behavior motivation. Subsequent interventions targeting health behaviors among young and middle-aged populations in China should incorporate considerations of the temporal perspective's uniqueness and its intricate mechanisms of action on health behaviors.
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