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Related Experiment Video

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Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn Zea mays As an Exemplar

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Real-Time Dry Matter Prediction in Whole-Plant Corn Forage and Silage Using Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Matheus Rebouças Pupo¹, Evan Cole Diepersloot¹, Eduardo Marostegan de Paula²

¹Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr., 934F Animal Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|August 28, 2025

Summary

Portable near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (pNIRS) offers rapid dry matter (DM) measurements for corn forage. While pNIRS showed promise, the Koster tester correlated better with oven-dried results for DM concentration.

Keywords:

Koster moisture oven drying scanning methods

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Published on: June 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Spectroscopy
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Accurate dry matter (DM) determination is crucial for optimizing forage quality and animal nutrition.
Conventional methods like forced-air oven drying are time-consuming.
Portable near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (pNIRS) offers potential for rapid, real-time DM analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the accuracy of pNIRS predictions for DM concentration against conventional oven drying and the Koster tester.
To evaluate pNIRS performance across different corn forage types (whole-plant corn forage and silage).

Main Methods:

Three portable NIRS (pNIRS) units were used to predict DM concentration in corn forage and silage samples.
Predictions were compared with forced-air oven drying (48 h at 60 °C) and Koster tester measurements.
Data were collected from 113 whole-plant corn forage (WPCF) and 27 whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) samples across three independent experiments.

Main Results:

For WPCF, forced-air oven DM differed significantly from Koster tester and pNIRS, with no differences among pNIRS units.
On-farm WPCF analysis showed Koster tester DM differed from pNIRS.
For WPCS, forced-air oven DM was higher than other methods.
Koster tester predictions correlated better with the forced-air oven than pNIRS for both WPCF and WPCS.
pNIRS showed lower mean bias but lower coefficients of determination and concordance correlation in WPCS, potentially due to the prediction curve and sample heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

The Koster tester demonstrated better correlation with the standard forced-air oven method for DM determination in corn forage and silage compared to pNIRS.
Further calibration of pNIRS predictive curves using forage-specific samples is necessary for accurate WPCF DM estimation.
Increased sample numbers and accounting for heterogeneity are needed for reliable WPCS DM prediction using pNIRS.