"Code Red" protocol for resuscitation of the exsanguinated patient

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Trauma Surgery
• Critical Care Medicine

Background:

• Exsanguination presents a critical challenge in emergency medicine.
• Rapid and effective resuscitation is vital for patient survival.
• Existing protocols may be complex or time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a novel "Code Red" protocol for the resuscitation of exsanguinated patients.
• To outline a simple and efficient resuscitation strategy.
• To highlight the use of the femoral vein for rapid access.

Main Methods:

• The protocol involves two distinct phases: initial massive crystalloid infusion followed by rapid blood infusion.
• Percutaneous cannulation of the femoral vein is performed using the Seldinger technique.
• This approach allows for simultaneous fluid/blood administration and central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring.

Main Results:

• The
• The protocol is designed for simplicity, requiring minimal time, equipment, personnel, and expertise.
• Femoral vein access via Seldinger technique provides efficient and simultaneous infusion and CVP measurement.

Conclusions:

• The "Code Red" protocol offers a practical and effective approach to managing exsanguinated patients.
• Its simplicity and minimal resource requirements make it suitable for diverse emergency settings.
• Rapid resuscitation via crystalloid and blood infusion through femoral venous access can improve outcomes.