Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype
14:51

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.3K

Characterization of Antibiotic Administration Factors Associated with Microbiome Disruption and Subsequent

Samantha Franklin1, Corina Ramont2, Maliha Batool3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing chemotherapy impacts microbial diversity and resistance. Certain antibiotics may reduce resistance gene acquisition, but overall effects vary.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics are crucial for suspected infections in hematologic malignancy patients.
  • Antibiotic use can lead to antimicrobial resistance and microbiome dysbiosis.
  • Impacts of antibiotics on the microbiome and resistome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of antibiotic administration on the microbiome and resistome in AML patients undergoing RIC.
  • To analyze the differences in antibiotic resistance-infections (ARI) and colonization (ARC) by CDC-threats.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical models were used to examine changes in the microbiome and resistome over time.
  • Analysis included 119 AML patients undergoing RIC.
  • Investigated correlations between antibiotic classes, diversity, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).

Main Results:

  • More unique antibiotic classes correlated with fewer unique ARGs (R = -0.39, p = 0.008).
  • Oxazolidinone use correlated with reduced microbial diversity (R = -0.58, p < 0.001).
  • Each day of linezolid reduced ARC risk by ~30% (HR: 0.663, p = 0.047) and macrolide resistance gene acquisition odds (HR: 0.50, p = 0.026).

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic administration and type influence ARG expansion and ARC events in AML patients.
  • Some antibiotics may decrease microbial diversity without increasing ARGs or ARC events.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for managing infections and resistance in AML patients.
Keywords:
antibiotic resistancecolonizationinfectionleukemiamicrobiomeresistome

More Related Videos

Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro08:41

Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro

Published on: February 9, 2016

9.2K
A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K

Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
197
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
92
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.3K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K