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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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An Immunomodulating Peptide with Potential to Promote Anticancer Immunity Without Compromising Immune Tolerance.

Michael Agrez1, Christopher Chandler2, Amanda L Johnson3

  • 1InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia.

Biomedicines
|August 28, 2025
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A novel peptide, IK14004, shows promise in managing autoimmune diseases and cancer by modulating immune responses. This peptide may help maintain immune tolerance during cancer immunotherapy, reducing autoimmune side effects.

Keywords:
anticancer immunitycytokinesimmune tolerancepeptidesignalling

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer can worsen autoimmune conditions like psoriasis.
  • The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy depends on the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12p40) feedback loop.
  • Both cytokines and anti-PD-1 antibodies can exacerbate psoriasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the peptide IK14004.
  • To explore IK14004's potential in treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.
  • To understand how IK14004 influences immune homeostasis in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using immune cells from healthy donors exposed to IK14004.
  • In vivo studies in C57BL/6 mice using models of lung melanoma and psoriatic skin.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways, including IFN-α/β, IL-15 receptor, and STATs.

Main Results:

  • IK14004 differentially affected immune cell signaling pathways relevant to cancer surveillance and immune tolerance.
  • The peptide demonstrated inhibitory effects on both melanoma and psoriasis models.
  • Findings suggest IK14004 uncouples IFN-γ from IL-12p40 production in human immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • IK14004 exhibits potential for treating both cancer and autoimmune diseases by modulating immune homeostasis.
  • The peptide may offer a strategy to maintain immune tolerance in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research combining IK14004 with checkpoint inhibitors could provide insights into preserving immune tolerance.