Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.1K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.3K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reassessing parathyroidectomy outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with hyperparathyroidism: A fragility-index focused review.

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Utilization of preoperative imaging before parathyroid surgery: Clinical necessity or routine practice?

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Revealing the sex divide: Primary hyperparathyroidism across the American population.

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Incidence of Ectopic Parathyroid Glands in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.

The Journal of surgical research·2026
Same author

Decoding treatment choices in primary hyperparathyroidism, what really drives decision-making?

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

The Path to Independence: Progression in Entrustment Reflected in Entrustable Professional Activity Ratings.

Annals of surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

620

Molecular Testing in Thyroid Nodules: How Much Does It Change Clinical Practice?

Mehmet Kostek1, Niranjna Swaminathan1, Azeem Izhar1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

Biomedicines
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Clinical factors like compressive symptoms, hyperthyroidism, and nodule size influence thyroidectomy decisions, even with benign molecular tests. These factors may indicate molecular testing can be omitted for cost-effectiveness in certain thyroid nodule cases.

Keywords:
fine needle aspiration biopsymolecular testingthyroid cancerthyroid nodulethyroidectomy

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
07:59

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

620
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
07:59

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Molecular testing aids thyroid nodule evaluation with indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) results.
  • Clinical decisions for thyroidectomy can override benign molecular test findings when clear indications exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical factors guiding thyroidectomy decisions despite benign molecular test results for thyroid nodules.
  • To assess the utility of molecular testing in managing indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 177 patients with Bethesda III/IV FNAB and benign Afirma molecular test results (Jan 2016-Jan 2024).
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathological data.
  • Comparison of observation versus thyroidectomy groups using Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Thyroidectomy was performed in 50.9% of patients.
  • Factors independently associated with surgery included compressive symptoms (OR: 23.2), hyperthyroidism (OR: 5.87), nodules >4 cm (OR: 11.36), and nodule growth (OR: 7.85).

Conclusions:

  • Benign molecular test results do not preclude thyroidectomy when compressive symptoms, hyperthyroidism, large nodules (>4 cm), or nodule growth are present.
  • Molecular testing may have limited clinical utility in these specific scenarios, suggesting potential for omission to improve cost-effectiveness.