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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

745
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

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Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
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Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity (ePWV) in Different Glaucoma Types.

Marija Bozic1, Vesna Maric1, Vladimir Milutinovic2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University Eye Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Biomedicines
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) may help assess glaucoma risk. Studies show significant ePWV differences in primary open-angle glaucoma and normotensive glaucoma patients compared to controls.

Keywords:
arterial stiffnessglaucomapulse wave velocity

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Arterial stiffness, indicated by pulse wave velocity, is linked to cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding the relationship between arterial stiffness and glaucoma subtypes is crucial for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) across different types of glaucoma.
  • To compare ePWV in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEX), and normotensive glaucoma (NTG) patients.
  • To assess the potential of ePWV as a biomarker in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, cross-sectional study involving 275 glaucoma patients and 92 cataract controls.
  • ePWV calculated using a validated formula based on age and mean arterial blood pressure.
  • Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in ePWV were observed between POAG patients and controls (p=0.042).
  • NTG patients showed a statistically significant difference in ePWV compared to controls (p=0.001).
  • Overall, a significant difference in ePWV was found between all glaucoma patients and the control group (p=0.001).

Conclusions:

  • ePWV demonstrates potential as a valuable indicator in glaucoma risk assessment.
  • The findings suggest a link between arterial stiffness and glaucoma pathophysiology.
  • Further research can explore integrating ePWV into clinical risk models for glaucoma.