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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Adolescents' Psychological Inflexibility as a Mediator Between Maternal Inflexibility and Internalizing Problems.

Luisa Fanciullacci1, Paolo Pricoco1, Marco A Malanima1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maternal psychological inflexibility (PI) may influence adolescent internalizing problems, particularly in daughters. Adolescent PI partially mediates this link, suggesting mothers with high PI can increase distress vulnerability in female adolescents.

Keywords:
ACTadolescenceinternalizing disorderspsychological inflexibility

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Internalizing disorders are common in adolescence.
  • Psychological inflexibility (PI) in parents and adolescents is linked to internalizing problems.
  • The specific relationship between parental and adolescent PI in explaining these difficulties is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore whether adolescent PI mediates the association between maternal PI and adolescent internalizing problems.
  • To investigate potential gender differences in this mediation model.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 81 mother-adolescent dyads.
  • Mothers self-reported on PI.
  • Adolescents self-reported on PI and internalizing problems.

Main Results:

  • Adolescent PI partially mediated the relationship between maternal PI and internalizing difficulties in female adolescents.
  • This mediation effect was not significant for male adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal PI may contribute to internalizing difficulties in adolescents, especially daughters, through adolescent PI.
  • This suggests mothers with high PI may increase their daughters' vulnerability to psychological distress.