Harnessing Digital Phenotyping for Early Self-Detection of Psychological Distress

Psychological distress remains a significant public health concern, particularly among youth. With the growing integration of mobile and wearable technologies into daily life, digital phenotyping has emerged as a promising approach for early self-detection and intervention in psychological distress. Objectives: The study aims to determine how behavioral and device-derived data can be used to identify early signs of emotional distress and to develop and evaluate a prototype system that enables users to self-detect these early warning signs, ultimately supporting early intervention and improved mental health outcomes. Method: To achieve this, this study involved a multi-phase, mixed-method approach, combining literature review, system design, and user evaluation. It started with a scoping review to guide system design, followed by the design and development of a prototype system (ESFY) and a mixed-method evaluation to assess its feasibility and utility in detecting early signs of psychological distress through digital phenotyping. Results: The results demonstrate the potential of digital phenotyping to support early self-detection for psychological distress while highlighting practical considerations for future deployment. Conclusions: The findings highlight the value of integrating active and passive data streams, prioritizing transparency and user empowerment, and designing adaptable systems that respond to the diverse needs and concerns of end users. The recommendations outlined in this study serve as a foundation for the continued development of scalable, trustworthy, and effective digital mental health solutions.