Adaptation and Validation of a Treatment Expectations Scale for Hospitalized Patients-Spanish Patient Version

Background: Hospitalized patients' expectations about their treatment play a key role in therapeutic adherence, satisfaction with care, and clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of brief, psychometrically validated instruments in Spanish-speaking contexts that adequately assess this construct. Objective: The objective of this study is to culturally adapt and validate the Hospitalized Patients' Expectations for Treatment Scale-Patient Version (HOPE-P) in a Peruvian population. Methods: A methodological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 hospitalized patients aged 18 to 85 years (M = 45.87; SD = 17.09). The adaptation process included translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the factor structure, and reliability and validity indices were calculated. Results: The bifactorial model showed good fit (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06). One item with a low factor loading was removed to improve the model. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed through acceptable values of Average Variance Extracted (0.60 and 0.55) and inter-factor correlation (φ² = 0.23). Internal consistency was strong for both dimensions (α = 0.76-0.77; ω = 0.76-0.77). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the HOPE-P is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument for evaluating treatment expectations in hospitalized Peruvian patients. Its implementation in clinical settings could enhance physician-patient communication, support shared decision-making, and contribute to better therapeutic outcomes, especially in high-demand healthcare environments.