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Cathepsins in Neurological Diseases.

Dominik Lewandowski1, Mateusz Konieczny1, Agata Różycka2

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Cathepsins, crucial lysosomal proteases, impact brain health by influencing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding their dual roles in neurological diseases is key for developing new therapies.

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autophagycathepsinsneurodegenerative diseasesneuroinflammationproteolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cathepsins are lysosomal proteases vital for cellular homeostasis.
  • In the central nervous system (CNS), they influence neuroinflammation, synaptic remodeling, and neurodegeneration.
  • Microglial cathepsins are increasingly implicated in neurological disorder pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of cathepsins in various CNS diseases.
  • To highlight their roles in key pathological processes.
  • To discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on cathepsins in CNS diseases.
  • Synthesis of findings on cathepsin involvement in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, MS, ALS, epilepsy, Huntington's, and stroke.
  • Analysis of cathepsin roles in α-synuclein and amyloid-β clearance, tau degradation, and neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Cathepsins modulate critical pathological processes in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders.
  • Specific cathepsins exhibit both neuroprotective and pathogenic effects depending on the disease context.
  • The balance between cathepsins and inhibitors like cystatins is crucial for CNS pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Cathepsins are significant players in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological diseases.
  • They represent promising targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate their precise roles and regulation for novel treatment development.