Role of Histone Lactylation in Neurological Disorders

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Epigenetics
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Lactate, a glycolysis end-product, is increasingly recognized for its role in epigenetic regulation.
• Histone lactylation, a novel epigenetic modification, directly influences gene transcription.
• While associated with various pathologies, histone lactylation's role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current research on histone lactylation, focusing on its mechanisms and implications in CNS diseases.
• To highlight the potential of histone lactylation as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on histone lactylation.
• Analysis of lactylation and delactylation mechanisms.
• Discussion of histone lactylation's involvement in specific neurological conditions.

Main Results:

• Histone lactylation involves specific mechanisms and sites, influencing gene transcription.
• The review details histone lactylation's role in Alzheimer's disease, depression, neuroinflammation, aging, stroke, and glioblastoma.
• Specific examples include the glycolysis/H4K12la/PKM2 feedback loop in Alzheimer's and oncogene activation in glioblastoma.

Conclusions:

• Histone lactylation is a significant epigenetic modification with implications across various neurological diseases.
• Understanding histone lactylation offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for CNS disorders.
• Further research is warranted to fully elucidate its role and therapeutic potential.