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Relationship Between Urinary Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium and Kidney Damage Biomarkers in Young People

Manolo Ortega-Romero1, Elodia Rojas Lima1, Olivier C Barbier2

  • 1Unidad de Investigación en Salud en el Trabajo, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
biomarkers of early kidney damagecopper–zinc ratiolow levels of cadmiumpediatric population

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