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The infant oral microbiome evolves significantly, influenced by various factors. Understanding its development is crucial for preventing oral diseases and promoting long-term health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • The infant oral microbiome is a dynamic community shaped by factors like birth mode, diet, and hygiene.
  • Its composition influences oral and systemic health throughout development.
  • Dysbiosis is linked to increased risks of oral and systemic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on the infant oral microbiome's evolution.
  • To emphasize its role in dental homeostasis and disease prevention (caries, periodontitis).
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding long-term health impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliographic review of scientific databases.
  • Focus on literature from the last decade.
  • Analysis of factors modulating the infant oral microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Diet, parental practices, and bacterial transmission significantly influence the infant oral microbiome.
  • Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with higher risks of oral and systemic conditions.
  • Key factors shaping the microbiome include birth type, nutrition, and oral hygiene.

Conclusions:

  • The infant oral microbiome's development is critical for oral and overall health.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to understand its long-term impact.
  • Early prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies may benefit from microbiome insights.