Targeting Sarcopenia in CKD: The Emerging Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Sarcopenia is a prevalent and disabling complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), associated with frailty, diminished quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, no pharmacological treatments are currently approved to address muscle wasting in this population. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity, have shown potential to support muscle mass and function through pleiotropic mechanisms. These include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, improvements in insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, and mitochondrial support. Given the high burden of sarcopenia in CKD and the frequent overlap with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, GLP-1RAs may offer a novel therapeutic approach. This review examines the biological plausibility and emerging evidence supporting the role of GLP-1RAs in preserving muscle health in CKD, highlighting the need for targeted clinical trials and mechanistic investigations to establish their efficacy in this high-risk group.