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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

438
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
438
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

271
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
271
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Education
  7. Specialist Studies In Education
  9. Special Education And Disability
  11. Cognitive Training Combined With Multifocal Tdcs Over The Reading Network Improves Reading Performance: A Case Of Severe Dyslexia.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Education
  7. Specialist Studies In Education
  9. Special Education And Disability
  11. Cognitive Training Combined With Multifocal Tdcs Over The Reading Network Improves Reading Performance: A Case Of Severe Dyslexia.

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Cognitive Training Combined with Multifocal tDCS over the Reading Network Improves Reading Performance: A Case of Severe Dyslexia.

Gloria Di Filippo1, Marika Bonuomo1, Martina Ravizza1

  • 1Department of Economic, Psychological, Communication, Educational, and Motor Sciences, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 28, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) significantly improved reading accuracy in a child with severe specific learning disorder (SLD). These positive results for developmental dyslexia (DD) suggest a promising non-invasive rehabilitation approach.

Keywords:
dyslexianeurostimulationreadingspecific learning disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most common specific learning disorder (SLD), characterized by atypical neurofunctional patterns in the left hemisphere's posterior reading network.
  • Current rehabilitation focuses on adaptive skills rather than fixing the disorder.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows potential for enhancing reading, with some studies noting improvements in accuracy and speed, primarily for non-word reading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of an innovative multifocal eight-channel tDCS combined with tachistoscope training in a child with severe mixed-type SLD.
  • To assess the impact of tDCS on reading accuracy and speed.

Main Methods:

  • A single-case study design was employed with a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with severe SLD.
tDCS
  • High-definition multifocal tDCS was applied over bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes for 10 weeks (30 sessions).
  • Standardized reading assessments were conducted pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups.

    • Main Results:

    • The treatment resulted in a 77% improvement in passage reading accuracy and an 83% improvement in high-frequency short word reading.
    • These accuracy improvements remained stable at 1- and 6-month follow-ups.
    • Minor improvements were observed in reading speed, consistent with the disorder's severity.

    Conclusions:

    • This study presents the first evidence of substantial reading improvements in severe SLD using multifocal tDCS.
    • The findings suggest multifocal tDCS as a potentially effective, non-invasive rehabilitation strategy for SLDs.
    • Further research with control conditions and quantifiable analysis is necessary to validate these promising results.