Authors' Classification of Sphenoid Sinus Pneumatizations into the Sphenoid Bone Processes

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Radiology
• Pediatric Imaging

Background:

• Sphenoid sinus anatomy is highly variable, leading to diverse extensions into surrounding bone structures.
• Existing literature lacks a standardized classification for these sphenoid sinus extensions.
• This variability impacts surgical approaches and understanding of sinonasal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and present a novel classification system for sphenoid sinus extensions into the sphenoid bone processes.
• To categorize these extensions based on specific anatomical landmarks and patterns.
• To provide a standardized framework for describing sphenoid sinus pneumatization in children.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of head CT scans from 432 children (birth to 18 years).
• Proposed a three-type classification (Type I: lesser wing, Type II: greater wing, Type III: pterygoid process).
• Defined three subtypes for each type based on relation to critical anatomical structures (optic canal, foramen rotundum, pterygoid canal).

Main Results:

• Pneumatization rates: lesser wings (19.44%), greater wings (36.11%), pterygoid processes (25.00%).
• Bilateral pneumatization of all three types (I, II, III) was more frequent than unilateral.
• Rare subtypes (Ia, Ic, IIa, Iic, IIIb) were more commonly observed unilaterally.

Conclusions:

• The authors present a new, detailed classification for sphenoid sinus extensions into sphenoid bone processes.
• This classification provides a standardized method for evaluating sphenoid sinus pneumatization in pediatric populations.
• The study highlights the prevalence and patterns of different sphenoid sinus extension types and subtypes in children.