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A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies

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Aesthetic Reconstruction of Fingertip Defect Using Second Toe Pulp Free Flap.

Soyeon Jung¹, Sodam Yi², Seungjun Lee³

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|August 28, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reconstructing fingertip injuries with second toe pulp-free flaps offers excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes. This surgical technique provides a viable solution for common fingertip defects, ensuring patient recovery.

Keywords:

fingertip defect free toe pulp flap microvascular reconstruction

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery
Hand Surgery

Background:

Fingertip injuries are increasingly prevalent, necessitating reconstructive methods that address both function and aesthetics.
The second toe pulp-free flap offers a promising solution due to its anatomical similarities to fingertips.

Purpose of the Study:

To present clinical experience and surgical techniques for fingertip defect reconstruction using second toe pulp-free flaps.

Main Methods:

13 second toe pulp-free flaps were used for fingertip reconstruction between April 2022 and May 2023.
Flaps were harvested with a teardrop from the ipsilateral side after debridement of fingertip defects.
Functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed postoperatively.

Main Results:

All 13 flaps survived completely with no partial necrosis.
Patients experienced no functional impairments, with excellent recovery of sensation (average 2-point discrimination 3.7 mm).
High patient satisfaction was noted, with low average Quick Dash (3.4) and Vancouver Scar Scale (1.5) scores.

Conclusions:

The second toe pulp-free flap is an optimal choice for fingertip defect reconstruction.
This method yields excellent functional and cosmetic results, improving quality of life for patients.
The procedure is reliable and associated with minimal complications.