Use of the Hypertension Self-Care Profile: A Scoping Review

Self-care is a critical component of chronic disease management and is linked to better health outcomes. The Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP SCP) is one of the few validated instruments designed to assess not only behaviors but also self-efficacy and motivation in HBP self-care. This scoping review synthesized published research using the HBP SCP to examine its scope and utility across diverse populations. A total of 48 studies were reviewed-34 non-validation studies and 14 validation studies-spanning regions including Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. The HBP SCP showed strong psychometric performance across multiple cultural adaptations, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.73 to 0.99. Several correlates of HBP self-care emerged, including self-efficacy, social support, health literacy, and education. Findings also revealed that HBP self-care remains suboptimal, particularly among rural populations and low- and middle-income countries. The HBP SCP has proven to be a versatile and culturally adaptable instrument for evaluating HBP self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and motivation. Its consistently demonstrated validity and reliability across diverse contexts, combined with its responsiveness in randomized controlled trials, affirm its value as both a clinical assessment tool and a research outcome measure in interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular health.