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Related Concept Videos

The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
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Path Between Thermodynamics States

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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Compressor Power and Efficiency Optimization: A Finite-Time Thermodynamics Approach.

François Lanzetta1

  • 1CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, F-90000 Belfort, France.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes endoreversible compressors using finite-time thermodynamics. Optimal tube diameters improve compressor efficiency and minimize energy consumption during gas compression.

Keywords:
compressorefficiencyfinite time thermodynamicsirreversibilityoptimization

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Energy Systems

Background:

  • Compressor performance is significantly impacted by external irreversibilities.
  • Optimizing compressor design is crucial for energy efficiency in various applications.
  • Existing models often simplify or neglect the effects of heat transfer and fluid flow resistances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically optimize an endoreversible compressor under steady-state conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of external irreversibilities on compressor performance using finite-time thermodynamic principles.
  • To establish a compressor efficiency metric analogous to the performance coefficient in heat pump theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized finite-time thermodynamic principles for theoretical optimization.
  • Characterized external irreversibilities as functions of conductance coefficients.
  • Performed a parametric study analyzing the influence of suction and discharge tube diameters and gas pressures.
  • Determined optimum operating performance for a given gas mass flow rate.

Main Results:

  • External irreversibilities significantly affect endoreversible compressor performance.
  • An efficiency metric was developed based on heat pump theory.
  • Optimal suction and discharge tube diameters were identified for improved power efficiency.
  • Minimized energy consumption during gas compression is achievable through optimized design.

Conclusions:

  • Theoretical optimization of endoreversible compressors is feasible and beneficial.
  • External irreversibilities, particularly those related to tube dimensions, are critical factors in compressor efficiency.
  • Selecting optimal suction and discharge tube diameters is essential for enhancing power efficiency and reducing energy consumption in gas compression processes.