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Interventional Procedures in Deep Venous Thrombosis Treatment: A Review of Techniques, Outcomes, and Patient

Arkadiusz Kacała1, Mateusz Dorochowicz2, Jędrzej Fischer3

  • 1Department of General, Interventional and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Interventional treatments for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) improve vein patency and reduce post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in select patients. Modern techniques offer efficient clot removal and improved safety, but further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) can lead to pulmonary embolism and chronic post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS).
  • Anticoagulation manages thrombus extension but does not resolve existing clots.
  • Interventional techniques aim to restore venous patency and mitigate DVT complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence on outcomes, safety, and patient selection for interventional DVT procedures.
  • To summarize findings from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) from January 2000 to February 2024.
  • Inclusion of RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies (≥20 patients).
  • Assessment of technical success, thrombus clearance, venous patency, PTS, quality of life, and complications, with risk of bias evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Randomized trials indicate catheter-directed and pharmacomechanical approaches improve patency and reduce moderate-to-severe PTS in iliofemoral DVT.
  • Mechanical thrombectomy devices show high thrombus clearance and shorter procedure times.
  • Venous stenting demonstrates 74-89% patency rates at 12 months in observational data.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional procedures can improve outcomes and reduce PTS in carefully selected patients, especially with acute iliofemoral DVT.
  • Modern mechanical and pharmacomechanical methods enhance efficiency and safety.
  • Venous stenting addresses underlying venous obstructions, but more high-quality trials are needed for optimal selection and comparative effectiveness.

Keywords:
catheter-directed thrombolysisdeep venous thrombosismechanical thrombectomypharmacomechanical thrombectomypost-thrombotic syndromevenous stenting

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