Integrating a Soft Pneumatic Gripper in a Robotic System for High-Speed Stable Handling of Raw Oysters

Pick-and-place handling of aquatic products (e.g., raw oyster) in packing processing remains manual, despite advances in soft robotic grippers as well as robotic systems that offer a path to automation in food production lines. In this study, we focused on the automation of raw-oyster handling which can be achieved by a robotic system equipped with a soft robotic gripper. However, raw oysters are fragile and prone to large damage during robotic handling, while high-speed handling generates inertial effects. Minimizing the grasping force is thus essential to protect raw oysters, while preserving the grasping stability is required. To address, this study introduces and validates a robotic system equipped with a soft pneumatic gripper for raw-oyster handling task in food production lines. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to discuss the effect of gripper actuation pressure on finger deflection and gripper grasping force, revealing a trade-off: increasing actuation pressure improves stability but raises grasping force, whereas reducing actuation pressure causes excessive swing and tossing problems. An optimal actuation pressure of the soft gripper was identified as grasping stability and oyster integrity, minimizing swing while preventing excessive grasping force. Handling performance of the robotic system was experimentally evaluated with raw oysters under different actuation pressures and oyster orientations. Under the optimal actuation pressure confirmed in FEA, the robotic system achieved a handling success rate of 100% (15/15) without obvious misalignment and large damage of raw oysters, which confirmed its adaptability for high-speed, stable handling. This study offers a reference of robotic systems for handling fragile aquatic products and indicates that optimal actuation pressure can protect such products during robotic handling, thereby facilitating the automation of aquatic product processing.