Evaluating ChatGPT's Concordance with Clinical Guidelines of Ménière's Disease in Chinese

Background: Generative AI (GenAI) models like ChatGPT have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential applications in healthcare. This study evaluates the concordance of responses generated by ChatGPT (versions 3.5 and 4.0) with the key action statements from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for Ménière's disease translated into Chinese. Methods: Seventeen questions derived from the KAS were translated into Chinese and posed to ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0. Responses were categorized as correct, partially correct, incorrect, or non-answers. Concordance with the guidelines was evaluated, and Fisher's exact test assessed statistical differences, with significance set at p < 0.05. Comparative analysis between ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 was performed. Results: ChatGPT 3.5 demonstrated an 82.4% correctness rate (14 correct, 2 partially correct, 1 non-answer), while ChatGPT 4.0 achieved 94.1% (16 correct, 1 partially correct). Overall, 97.1% of responses were correct or partially correct. ChatGPT 4.0 offered enhanced citation accuracy and text clarity but occasionally included redundant details. No significant difference in correctness rates was observed between the models (p = 0.6012). Conclusions: Both ChatGPT models showed high concordance with the AAO-HNS CPG for MD, with ChatGPT 4.0 exhibiting superior text clarity and citation accuracy. These findings highlight ChatGPT's potential as a reliable assistant for better healthcare communication and clinical operations. Future research should validate these results across broader medical topics and languages to ensure robust integration of GenAI in healthcare.