Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita: Case Series and Literature Review

Background: Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly characterized by a persistent, violaceous, reticulated skin pattern. It may present as a benign isolated lesion or as part of a broader syndrome with systemic anomalies such as limb asymmetry, glaucoma, or neurological impairment. Methods: We report a case series of three neonates with CMTC, each representing a distinct clinical pattern: localized, segmental, and generalized. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, including dermatologic, neurologic, and ophthalmologic evaluations. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2012 to 2025. Results: Case 1 involved a localized lesion of the calf; Case 2 had segmental involvement of the forearm and leg; Case 3 presented with generalized CMTC covering over 85% of the body surface, accompanied by dysmorphism and bilateral persistent fetal vasculature (PFV). Literature findings highlighted significant clinical variability and a stronger association of generalized forms with systemic abnormalities. Conclusions: CMTC exhibits a broad clinical spectrum. While localized cases often resolve spontaneously, generalized forms may require multidisciplinary evaluation. Early recognition and systemic screening are crucial for optimal management.