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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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  1. Home
  3. Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli In A Diabetic Dog With Recurrent Utis: Genomic Insights And The Impact Of Glucose And Antibiotics On Biofilm Formation.
  1. Home
  3. Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli In A Diabetic Dog With Recurrent Utis: Genomic Insights And The Impact Of Glucose And Antibiotics On Biofilm Formation.

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Diabetic Dog with Recurrent UTIs: Genomic Insights and the Impact of Glucose and

Inês C Rodrigues1,2, Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida1,3, Joana Campos1,2

  • 1School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

Microorganisms
|August 28, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
UTIUropathogenic Escherichia coliantibiotic pressurebiofilm

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Diabetic conditions worsen recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) by promoting bacterial biofilm formation and reducing antibiotic effectiveness. Targeting biofilms is crucial for managing persistent UTIs in diabetic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant challenge, often driven by antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-producing bacteria.
  • Diabetic patients are susceptible to persistent infections due to factors like glucosuria (glucose in urine).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high glucose levels on *Escherichia coli* (E. coli) biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in a diabetic dog with recurrent UTIs.
  • To characterize the genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli isolates from this patient.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of *E. coli* isolates from a diabetic Labrador Retriever over 18 months.
  • Antimicrobial resistance testing, biofilm formation assays under varying glucose conditions, and whole genome sequencing.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to track clonal evolution across infection episodes.

    • Main Results:

    • Most isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin and fluoroquinolones.
    • Whole genome sequencing identified the multidrug-resistant ST1193 lineage in six isolates, indicating clonal continuity.
    • High glucose significantly increased biofilm production and antibiotic tolerance, raising minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) by at least 256-fold.
    • Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim showed the best antibiofilm activity, though reduced in high-glucose conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Glucosuria in diabetic patients can exacerbate recurrent UTIs by enhancing bacterial biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance.
    • Effective management of UTIs in diabetic individuals requires therapeutic strategies that address biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance.