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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

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Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material via In Situ Solid-Liquid Host-Guest Composite Strategy.

Jian Chen1, Afang Zhang1

  • 1International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Mailbox 152, Shangda Rd. 99, Shanghai 200444, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs) using an in situ aerogel composite strategy. This method offers high energy storage and thermal management capabilities with improved material stability.

Keywords:
infrared stealthnylon compositesphase change materialsporous materialsshape stabilizationthermal energy storage

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) offer high energy storage density but suffer from shape instability when molten.
  • Confining PCMs within porous materials, such as aerogels, is a key strategy to overcome shape instability.
  • Existing methods for creating aerogel-confined PCMs often involve complex, multi-step processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and efficient method for creating shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs).
  • To demonstrate a one-step in situ solid-liquid host-guest composite strategy for PCM encapsulation within aerogels.
  • To investigate the thermal properties, mechanical robustness, and potential applications of the resulting ss-PCMs.

Main Methods:

  • An in situ solid-liquid host-guest composite strategy was employed using Nylon 66 and 1,6-hexanediol.
  • 1,6-hexanediol acted as a solvent, induced sol-gel transition, and served as the phase change material.
  • The process involved a one-pot method with heating and cooling cycles, integrating aerogel formation and PCM encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • The developed ss-PCMs exhibited excellent shape stability with negligible leakage.
  • High latent heat (160 J/g), mechanical robustness (3.6 MPa compressive modulus), and low thermal conductivity (0.081 W/(m·K)) were achieved.
  • The materials demonstrated potential for infrared stealth and passive thermal buffering with over 75 wt% 1,6-hexanediol loading.

Conclusions:

  • The one-pot in situ composite strategy offers a straightforward and efficient route to ss-PCMs.
  • This methodology combines the benefits of aerogel liquid retention with simplified processing.
  • The developed ss-PCMs hold promise for advanced thermal management and energy storage applications.