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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

593
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Raman Spectroscopy of Practical LIB Cathodes: A Study of Humidity-Induced Degradation.

Claudio Mele1, Filippo Ravasio2, Andrea Casalegno2

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humidity exposure damages lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel-cobalt-manganese/lithium-manganese oxide (NCM-LMO). Raman spectroscopy revealed structural changes, correlating capacity loss with humidity-induced corrosion and dissolution.

Keywords:
LIBRamanbatterycathodedegradationhumidity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Lithium-ion battery (LIB) materials are frequently exposed to ambient humidity during fabrication, damage, or recycling.
  • While general humidity-induced chemistry is known, specific structural damage mechanisms in LIB cathodes require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural modifications in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel-cobalt-manganese/lithium-manganese oxide (NCM-LMO) cathodes upon humidity exposure.
  • To utilize Raman spectroscopy as a primary tool for assessing these structural changes.
  • To correlate observed structural and compositional changes with electrochemical performance degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Raman spectroscopy was employed to analyze pristine and humidity-exposed LFP and NCM-LMO cathode materials.
  • Complementary analyses included Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphology, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for composition, and electrochemical tests.
  • Reassembled coin cells were used to quantify capacity losses after humidity exposure.

Main Results:

  • Humidity exposure induced observable changes in the Raman spectra of both LFP and NCM-LMO cathodes.
  • SEM and EDS analyses identified characteristic morphological and compositional changes indicative of corrosion and active material dissolution.
  • Electrochemical tests demonstrated a direct correlation between humidity-induced structural damage and significant capacity fading.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is effective in detecting humidity-induced structural modifications in LIB cathode materials.
  • Humidity exposure leads to cathode degradation through corrosion and dissolution, impacting battery performance.
  • Understanding these degradation pathways is crucial for improving LIB stability and longevity.