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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

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Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
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Balancing the Cellular Inflammatory-Homeostatic Axis Through Natural Ingredient Supplementation.

Valentina Bordano1, Chiara Gerbino1, Valentina Boscaro1

  • 1Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.

Nutrients
|August 28, 2025
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This study shows a multi-ingredient dietary supplement modulates macrophage function and reduces inflammation markers. The supplement supports cellular homeostasis by influencing immune cell behavior and antioxidant activity.

Keywords:
dietary supplementshomeostasisinflammationmacrophagesoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Inflammation significantly disrupts human homeostasis.
  • Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response.
  • Dietary supplements can provide nutrients to support healthy lifestyles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient dietary supplement on human macrophages.
  • Assess the supplement's impact on inflammatory pathways and cellular functions.
  • Determine the presence and bioavailability of supplement ingredients within cells.

Main Methods:

  • THP-1 cells differentiated into M1/M2 macrophages.
  • Assays for cell migration, gene expression (qRT-PCR), cytokine release (ELISA), and pyroptosis (LDH).
  • HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and GC-MS used for ingredient analysis.

Main Results:

  • Supplement promoted M2 macrophage polarization and migration while reducing M1 migration.
  • Reduced NF-κB activation, COX-2 expression, and cytokine release in an LPS-induced inflammation model.
  • Decreased granulocyte adhesion and oxidative stress; confirmed ingredient presence in cells.

Conclusions:

  • The multi-ingredient supplement modulates macrophage phenotypes and inflammatory responses.
  • The formulation's natural active ingredients contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Demonstrated potential for dietary supplements in managing inflammation and supporting health.