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Design of a Low-Cost Gateway with LoRa Technology Serving Multiple Devices
Wuigor I S Bine1, Linnyer B R Aylon2
1Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Summary
A new dual-channel LoRaWAN gateway improves Internet of Things (IoT) network performance by reducing data collisions. This enhanced efficiency boosts packet delivery rates, making it ideal for crowded network environments.
Area of Science:
- Wireless communication networks
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Radio frequency engineering
Background:
- Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) face scalability and efficiency challenges due to numerous connected devices.
- The prevalent ALOHA protocol in LoRaWAN networks contributes to data collisions and limits spectrum utilization.
- Existing single-channel gateways struggle with performance in environments with coexisting networks and interference.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and develop a cost-effective dual-channel LoRaWAN gateway for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
- To investigate channel activity detection (CAD) and dynamic channel allocation for collision reduction and spectrum optimization.
- To evaluate the performance of the proposed dual-channel gateway in real-world, interference-prone environments.
Main Methods:
- Development of a low-cost, dual-channel LoRaWAN gateway.
- Implementation of channel activity detection (CAD) and dynamic channel allocation algorithms.
- Experimental testing in environments with coexisting wireless networks and interference.
Main Results:
- The dual-channel gateway achieved a packet delivery rate (PDR) exceeding 94% across spreading factors SF7 to SF12.
- Significant improvements in PDR and packet loss reduction were observed compared to single-channel gateways.
- Single-channel gateways under identical conditions showed a PDR between 80% and 85%.
Conclusions:
- The proposed dual-channel LoRaWAN gateway effectively mitigates collisions and enhances spectrum utilization.
- The gateway demonstrates superior performance, particularly in challenging environments with multiple coexisting networks.
- This solution is feasible and beneficial for small- to medium-scale IoT deployments requiring reliable data transmission.
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