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Recent Advances in Portable Dry Electrode EEG: Architecture and Applications in Brain-Computer Interfaces
Meihong Zhang1,2, Bocheng Qian3, Jianming Gao4
1School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Summary
Dry electrode systems for brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are advancing rapidly. This review details hardware innovations and applications like emotion recognition, offering a roadmap for next-generation EEG systems.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
- Focus on brain-computer interface (BCI) systems and electroencephalography (EEG) signal acquisition.
Background:
- Traditional EEG systems require conductive gel, limiting real-world applications.
- Advancements in BCI necessitate electrode systems with improved electrical performance, comfort, and portability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent progress in dry electrode EEG systems for BCI.
- To summarize hardware innovations, material developments, and application advances.
- To identify challenges and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of dry electrode EEG systems.
- Analysis of hardware design (structural innovation, materials).
- Examination of BCI applications (emotion recognition, fatigue detection, motor imagery, SSVEP).
Main Results:
- Dry electrodes offer a gel-free alternative for EEG acquisition.
- Significant progress in structural and material innovations for dry electrodes.
- Demonstrated BCI applications in various domains show system-level performance gains.
Conclusions:
- Dry electrode EEG systems are crucial for practical BCI implementation.
- Key future priorities include standardized evaluation, enhanced generalization, and hardware-algorithm optimization.
- This review provides a reference for developing next-generation dry electrode EEG-BCI systems.
