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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Extensive nrDNA Polymorphism in Morus L. and Its Application.

Xiaoxiang Xu1, Le Zhang1, Changwei Bi2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) in mulberry (Morus) species shows incomplete concerted evolution, with high polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. This finding aids in Morus taxonomy and breeding.

Keywords:
CAPSITSMorusnrDNApolymorphismtaxonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Taxonomy
  • Molecular Evolution

Background:

  • The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is crucial for Morus genus taxonomy, but genome-wide nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) characteristics are not well understood.
  • While ITS evolution is generally concerted, exceptions exist, suggesting potential complexities in nrDNA evolution within Morus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-wide nrDNA characteristics in the genus Morus.
  • To assess the extent of concerted evolution of nrDNA in Morus species.
  • To develop novel molecular markers for Morus species identification and phylogenetic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) within nrDNA regions of 542 mulberry accessions.
  • Validation of ITS polymorphism using cloning and Sanger sequencing.
  • Development of a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for species differentiation.

Main Results:

  • 158 SNPs and 15 InDels were identified across sixteen Morus species, revealing significant intra-individual polymorphism and incomplete nrDNA concerted evolution.
  • The ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) exhibited high polymorphism, with 66 SNPs and 13 InDels.
  • A novel CAPS marker was developed using a 13/16 bp InDel in ITS1, enabling rapid discrimination of M. alba and M. notabilis.

Conclusions:

  • nrDNA in Morus exhibits incomplete concerted evolution, with substantial intra-individual polymorphism, particularly in the ITS regions.
  • The developed CAPS marker provides an efficient tool for distinguishing key Morus species, bypassing traditional sequencing or phenotypic analysis.
  • Findings enhance understanding of Morus taxonomy, supporting conservation efforts and breeding programs for mulberry.