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Immune Modulation by Microbiota and Its Possible Impact on Polyomavirus Infection
Giorgia Cianci1, Gloria Maini1, Matteo Ferraresi1
1Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Summary
The gut microbiota influences polyomavirus infections and immune responses. Strategies targeting gut microbes, like prebiotics and probiotics, may help manage viral reactivation and improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Polyomaviruses establish persistent infections, posing risks to immunocompromised individuals.
- The gut microbiota critically regulates host immunity and viral pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review interactions between polyomaviruses, the immune system, and gut microbiota.
- To highlight the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in antiviral responses.
- To explore microbial dysbiosis in polyomavirus replication and immune escape.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on host-pathogen-microbiota interactions.
- Analysis of the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in antiviral immunity.
- Examination of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio as a potential biomarker.
Main Results:
- Gut dysbiosis may promote polyomavirus replication, reactivation, and immune evasion.
- Polyomavirus infection can alter the composition of the gut microbiota.
- The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio may indicate infection risk and immune status.
Conclusions:
- The interplay between polyomaviruses, immunity, and the gut microbiota is complex.
- Microbiota-targeted therapies (prebiotics, probiotics, FMT) offer adjuncts to immune therapies.
- Understanding these interactions can lead to new strategies for managing viral reactivation.
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