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Coronary Artery Disease in People Living with HIV May Reflect Their Sensitivity to Inflammation Associated with

Luna-Faye Veld1, Shelley Waters1,2, Silvia Lee2,3

  • 1Curtin Medical Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) may increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Higher CMV antibody levels correlated with inflammatory markers in PLWH with CAD, suggesting inflammation sensitivity impacts CAD development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general and transplant populations.
  • Studying CMV's role in CVD among people living with HIV (PLWH) is challenging due to high co-infection rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and CMV-reactive antibodies or CMV-associated inflammation sensitivity in PLWH.
  • To determine if CMV antibody levels or inflammatory responses correlate with CAD development in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Main Methods:

  • Matched case-control study comparing PLWH with and without CAD.
  • Analysis of stored plasma samples for CMV-specific antibodies using in-house ELISA.
  • Quantification of inflammatory biomarkers (sCD14, LBP, CXCL10, IL-6) using commercial kits.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in CMV antibody levels was observed between PLWH with and without CAD.
  • In PLWH with CAD, CMV antibody levels positively correlated with inflammatory biomarkers (sCD14, LBP, CXCL10, IL-6) at earlier time points.
  • These correlations remained consistent regardless of detectable plasma HIV RNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in sensitivity to CMV's inflammatory effects, rather than antibody levels alone, may influence CAD development in PLWH.
  • CMV-associated inflammation could be a contributing factor to CAD pathogenesis in this population.

Keywords:
HIVcoronary artery diseasecytomegalovirusinflammatory biomarkers

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