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Introduction and Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Oropouche Virus in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Fábio Burack da Costa1,2, Andrea Cony Cavalcanti2,3, Rafael Santos Erbisti4
1Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros-LIVH, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Summary
Oropouche virus (OROV) outbreaks are increasing in Brazil. This study confirms OROV circulation in Rio de Janeiro, identifying sustained transmission in the Middle Paraíba region and a new emergent lineage.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Oropouche virus (OROV) has seen increasing outbreaks in the Amazon region since the 1960s.
- Rio de Janeiro state reports a rise in arbovirus cases, with many testing negative for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya.
Purpose of the Study:
- To retrospectively investigate Oropouche virus infections in dengue-suspected cases with inconclusive diagnoses in Rio de Janeiro.
- To understand the temporal and geographic introduction of OROV in the state.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of arbovirus cases in Rio de Janeiro state.
- Real-time RT-PCR testing for OROV on samples from patients with inconclusive arbovirus diagnoses.
- Genome sequencing of eight OROV strains.
Main Results:
- Oropouche virus (OROV) circulation was confirmed in Rio de Janeiro state in April 2024.
- 118 OROV cases were recorded between March and July 2024, primarily in the Middle Paraíba region.
- Genome sequencing revealed OROV belongs to the emergent M1L2S2 lineage, with sustained transmission identified in the Middle Paraíba region.
Conclusions:
- The Middle Paraíba region is the first area with sustained Oropouche virus (OROV) transmission in Rio de Janeiro state.
- This study highlights the importance of considering OROV in arbovirus surveillance, especially in regions with inconclusive diagnoses.
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