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Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...

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Cell Partitioning Design for Microfluidic ATPS Devices: A Dynamic Energy Strategy and Calculation Using Chondrocytes

Gabriel Garibaldi1, Jimena Alegria1, Anita Shayan1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.

Micromachines
|August 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel energy balance model for microfluidic Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPSs) to separate cells based on their partitioning dynamics. This approach enables efficient isolation of distinct cell phenotypes for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS)cell separationhuman chondrocytesmicrofluidicssurface energy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Cell sorting is vital for drug discovery and diagnostics.
  • Conventional methods like FACS and MACS have limitations in throughput and cost.
  • Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPSs) offer a promising alternative, especially with microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rational design strategy for microfluidic ATPS devices.
  • To separate cells with similar origins but different phenotypes.
  • To overcome challenges in designing ATPS for subtle cell separations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic characterization of material properties influencing cell partitioning in a model PEG-Dextran ATPS.
  • Development of an energy balance approach considering interfacial energy and viscous dissipation.
  • Estimation of cell interface translocation dynamics during ATPS partitioning.

Main Results:

  • The time for complete cell partitioning at the ATPS interface was identified as a key separation parameter.
  • An energy balance model was developed and validated with experimental measurements.
  • The study demonstrated the potential to separate healthy and diseased human chondrocytes based on partitioning dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic energy approach provides a basis for optimizing microfluidic ATPS devices.
  • This strategy enables efficient separation of phenotypically similar cell populations.
  • The findings expand the potential of microfluidic cell separation for biomedical applications.