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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
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Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE): Cushing's Syndrome and Hypoadrenocorticism-A Modified

Stijn J M Niessen1,2,3,4, Ellen N Behrend2,5, Federico Fracassi6

  • 1Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London AL9 7TA, UK.

Veterinary Sciences
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Veterinary endocrinologists established common terminology for Cushing's syndrome (CS) and hypoadrenocorticism. The Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE) project created definitions for adrenal diseases, improving research and clinical practice.

Keywords:
Cushing’sadrenalsconsensusendocrinologyhypoadrenocorticismterminology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Endocrinology
  • Comparative Endocrinology
  • Companion Animal Medicine

Background:

  • Lack of standardized terminology hinders progress in veterinary endocrinology, particularly for Cushing's syndrome (CS) and hypoadrenocorticism.
  • Previous efforts, like the diabetes mellitus terminology project, highlighted the need for consensus in defining complex endocrine diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a common, agreed-upon language for concepts related to CS and hypoadrenocorticism in veterinary medicine.
  • To improve the comparability and standards of research, education, and clinical practice concerning adrenal diseases in companion animals.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi Method involving 10 experts from the European Society of Veterinary Endocrinology (ESVE) and the Society of Comparative Endocrinology (SCE) over four rounds.
  • An endorsement survey distributed to ESVE and SCE members, seeking a simple majority approval of expert-generated definitions.

Main Results:

  • 100% expert consensus was achieved on 35 adrenal disease-associated concepts, including disease definitions, diagnostic criteria, and classification systems for CS and hypoadrenocorticism.
  • Endorsement by 78 members (26% participation) showed all definitions achieved a simple majority approval (83.1%–100%).

Conclusions:

  • The ALIVE project successfully created a body of terminology for canine adrenal diseases.
  • The established definitions were well-received by the veterinary endocrinology community and are expected to enhance research and clinical standards.