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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
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Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

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Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients.

Anne Russcher1, Yassene Mohammed2, Margriet E M Kraakman1

  • 1Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.

Viruses
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) mutations can alter its capsid structure during relapsing infections in immunocompromised patients. This viral evolution may impact the effectiveness of immune responses and treatments like IVIG.

Keywords:
humoral immune selectionparvovirus B19protein modelingtransplantationwhole-genome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Parvovirus B19 (B19V) causes severe red cell aplasia in immunocompromised individuals, often treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs).
  • Limited data exist on B19V intra-host evolution and the influence of humoral immune selection during infection.
  • This study investigates genomic mutations and protein alterations during relapsing B19V infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the intra-host evolution of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) during relapsing infections.
  • To identify genomic mutations and their impact on viral protein structure.
  • To explore the role of humoral immunity in B19V evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of longitudinal plasma samples from immunocompromised patients with relapsing B19V infection (2011-2019).
  • Deep neural network modeling to predict the impact of mutations on 3D viral protein structure.

Main Results:

  • One patient exhibited two consecutive nonsynonymous mutations (T372S/T145S and Q422L/Q195L) in the VP1/2 region during relapsing B19V infection.
  • The T372S/T145S mutation was detected in IgG-seropositive samples and resolved after seroreversion.
  • Computational analysis predicted a conformational change in the VP1 structure near the antibody binding domain for the T372S/T145S mutant.

Conclusions:

  • Relapsing Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections are associated with temporal mutational changes.
  • Amino acid substitutions can lead to conformational changes in viral capsid proteins, potentially affecting immune recognition.
  • Further research is needed on the impact of humoral response and IVIG on B19V evolution and immune escape.