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Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination
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Guinea Pig X Virus Is a Gammaherpesvirus.

Vy Ngoc Yen Truong1, Robert Ellis2, Brent A Stanfield2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

Viruses
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The newly identified Guinea Pig X Virus (GPXV) genome reveals distinct evolutionary paths, diverging from primate viruses and clustering with rodent and bovine gammaherpesviruses. This study offers insights into viral evolution and host-specific adaptations.

Keywords:
Guinea Pig X Virusgammaherpesvirusherpesviridaeherpesviruseshost adaptationsequence similarityviral evolutionviral pathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Guinea Pig X Virus (GPXV) is a recently discovered gammaherpesvirus.
  • Understanding its genomic characteristics and evolutionary relationships is crucial for studying host-virus dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the GPXV genome.
  • To investigate its phylogenetic relationships with other gammaherpesviruses.
  • To compare GPXV with the Guinea Pig Herpes-Like Virus (GPHLV).

Main Methods:

  • Virus propagation in Vero cells and DNA extraction.
  • Whole-genome sequencing using Illumina MiSeq and Sanger sequencing.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of key viral genes (ORF8, ORF9, ORF50, ORF73).

Main Results:

  • GPXV exhibits variable evolutionary relationships, diverging from primate gammaherpesviruses and aligning with bovine and rodent viruses.
  • Comparative genomic analysis revealed 24 unique genomic features in GPXV and significant sequence divergence in 62 shared ORFs with GPHLV.
  • Phylogenetic analyses indicated distinct evolutionary trajectories for GPXV compared to other gammaherpesviruses.

Conclusions:

  • GPXV possesses a unique evolutionary trajectory within the gammaherpesvirus family.
  • The findings underscore GPXV's potential as a model for studying host-specific viral adaptations and gammaherpesvirus diversity.