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Prevalence and Associated Factors for HPV in People Living with HIV: Are INSTIs Protective Against HPV-16? The GAIA

Omar Hernández-López1, Brenda Clara González-Contreras2, Ana Luz Cano-Díaz1

  • 1Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectología "La Raza", National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico.

Viruses
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

High anal human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was found in people living with HIV (PWH) in Mexico. Integrase inhibitor therapy may reduce HPV-16 risk in these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of anogenital cancers.
  • People living with HIV (PWH), especially men who have sex with men (MSM), have elevated risks.
  • Understanding HPV prevalence and risk factors in PWH in Mexico is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess anal HPV prevalence and associated risk factors in PWH in Mexico.
  • To investigate the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in HPV infection.
  • To identify factors influencing HPV infection in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study at an HIV clinic in Mexico City (October 2023-December 2024).
  • 214 MSM with HIV completed questionnaires and provided anal samples for HPV genotyping via real-time PCR.
  • Logistic regression analyzed associations between HPV, ART, and clinical/behavioral factors.

Main Results:

  • HPV prevalence was 89.3%, with HPV-16 being the most common high-risk genotype (20.1%).
  • Integrase inhibitor (INSTI) use was linked to lower HPV-16 risk (OR: 0.42), while protease inhibitor use increased HPV-16 and HPV-6 risks.
  • Higher CD4+ counts and undetectable HIV viral load were protective; lower education and smoking increased risk.

Conclusions:

  • This study reveals high anal HPV prevalence in Mexican PWH.
  • INSTI-based ART regimens may offer a protective effect against HPV-16 infection.
  • Findings inform ART selection for HPV prevention strategies in PWH.
Keywords:
HIVHPV-16INSTIanal cancerantiretroviral therapyhuman papillomavirus

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