Rapid Development of a Theory-Based Targeted Intervention and Communication Plan for HPV Vaccine Introduction in...

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Vaccinology
• Health Communication

Background:

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary cause of cervical cancer, posing a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Kosovo.
• Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in Kosovo, emphasizing the critical need for effective prevention strategies.
• HPV vaccines are crucial for global cervical cancer elimination efforts, with Kosovo introducing the vaccine in 2024 through a school-based program.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a tailored communication and intervention plan for the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Kosovo.
• To utilize rapid, theory-based insights to inform the HPV vaccine rollout strategy.
• To ensure high vaccine acceptance and uptake through a targeted approach.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative research involving 102 participants, including healthcare professionals, parents, target-age girls, school staff, and community influencers, was conducted over two weeks.
• The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) model, supported by the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Behaviour change (COM-B) framework, guided data collection, analysis, and intervention development.
• Intervention activities were designed for partner implementation.

Main Results:

• Trust in school-based immunisation and healthcare professionals was identified as a key driver for vaccine acceptance.
• Capability and physical opportunity barriers were prevalent across target groups, necessitating targeted communication and capacity-building.
• The BCW model facilitated the development of specific communication and intervention strategies.

Conclusions:

• Rapid insight research utilizing the BCW model effectively identified behavioral drivers and barriers for HPV vaccine acceptance.
• The study supported the development of a targeted intervention plan, contributing to a successful HPV vaccine rollout in Kosovo.
• High HPV vaccine uptake within the first six months of introduction in Kosovo was achieved, echoing global research findings while highlighting context-specific needs.