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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Dental Program Evaluations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Alexander Pham^1,2, Joanne Hedges¹, Emma Flanagan¹

¹Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology

|August 28, 2025

Summary

Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander dental programs requires strong partnerships and culturally relevant evaluations. This systematic review assessed program outcomes and cultural safety, offering lessons for future effectiveness.

Keywords:

Torres Strait Islander aboriginal dentistry first nations health program evaluation oral health public health dentistry

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Public Health
Indigenous Health
Dental Health Services Research

Background:

A significant and growing disparity in oral health exists between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and other Australians.
This oral health gap necessitates improved dental programs and evaluation strategies to achieve equitable outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review evaluations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Dental Programmes.
To measure programme outcomes and cultural safety using the Lowitja Institute Evaluation Framework.

Main Methods:

A mixed methods systematic review was conducted, searching multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.) for studies on dental health programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants in Australia.
Included studies encompassed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches.
The Joanna Briggs Institute approach was followed, with Quality Assessment for Diverse Studies (QuADs) used for critical appraisal. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

Main Results:

54 studies were included, with data primarily from New South Wales, South Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory, and Western Australia.
Evaluations generally aligned with the Lowitja Framework, emphasizing shared responsibility, partnerships, and community engagement.
Program effectiveness was mainly assessed by reductions in dental decay and participant feedback; most studies were of relatively high quality.

Conclusions:

Strong partnerships among programs, evaluation teams, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are crucial for ensuring cultural safety in dental health initiatives.
Future evaluations should utilize effective study designs and select culturally relevant, holistic outcome measures.
Lessons learned from this review can enhance the effectiveness of future Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander dental programme evaluations.