Near-Field Energy Transmission Mechanism of Switchable Quasi-Dipole Distribution in Triboelectric Interface

Near-field energy transmission is important for wireless power supply in separated or isolated space. Electrostatic energy generated by triboelectrification is typically confined to the triboelectric interface and is hard to transmit in distance due to limited understanding of tribo-charge distribution and transfer behavior. Here, it is found that positive and negative tribo-charges spontaneously form a switchable quasi-dipole distribution at the dynamic triboelectric interface. Driven by the strong electric field of this quasi-dipole configuration, the extraction of electrostatic energy breaks traditional limitations and enables short-distance transmission through dielectric and air media, without the need for any auxiliary circuits. A high transmission efficiency of 65.2% is achieved through a 5 mm dielectric medium by efficiently matching the electric field distribution with a collector structure and minimizing transmission loss. Finally, an air purification system and a conductor pattern mapping platform are developed by utilizing the wireless transmitted electrostatic energy, achieving air purification and diverse conductor pattern imaging under mechanical stimuli. This work provides an insight into the distribution and transmission of electrostatic energy, promoting its evolution from interfacial research toward spatial applications.